From Wellcome Images. [46] But when Lyell wrote that it remained a profound mystery how the huge gulf between man and beast could be bridged, Darwin wrote "Oh!" Accessed from here on 20 December 2016. His father (1767-1849) was known both as a botanist and as the translator of the Vita Nuova and the Convito of Dante; the plant Lyellia was named after him. [20], Lyell's geological interests ranged from volcanoes and geological dynamics through stratigraphy, palaeontology, and glaciology to topics that would now be classified as prehistoric archaeology and paleoanthropology. In a letter to J.D. Lyell was born into a wealthy family, on 14 November 1797, at the family's estate house, Kinnordy House, near Kirriemuir in Forfarshire. The new couple spent their honeymoon in Switzerland and Italy on a geological tour of the area.[8]. He was one of the first scientists to postulate that the earth is older than 200 million years, which was the commonly accepted notion during the 19th century. He had particular difficulty in believing in natural selection as the main motive force in evolution.[37][38][39]. During periods of global warming, ice breaks off the poles and floats across submerged continents, carrying debris with it, he conjectured. When the iceberg melts, it rains down sediments upon the land. These were essential to the development of his ideas, and provide a unique record of his travels, conversations, correspondence, reading and field observations. She assisted him by sketching geological drawings, and cataloguing their collections. Sir Charles Lyell, 1st Baronet, FRS (14 November 1797 – 22 February 1875) was a Scottish geologist who demonstrated the power of known natural causes in explaining Earth's history. In stratigraphy his division of the Tertiary period into the Pliocene, Miocene, and Eocene was highly influential. He is buried in Westminster Abbey. He grew up in the New Forest in Hampshire where, encouraged by his father, he developed a keen interest in natural history. [6][8][26] In these areas he concluded that the recent strata (rock layers) could be categorised according to the number and proportion of marine shells encased within. [25] Lyell, in contrast focused on recent earthquakes (150 yrs), evidenced by surface irregularities such as faults, fissures, stratigraphic displacements and depressions.[25]. Like his son he also corresponded with noted naturalists such as the botanist William Jackson Hooker (father of Joseph Dalton Hooker) and James Sowerby. He was the eldest of ten children. His father and grandfather, being admired and respected doctors, Charles grew up in a well-educated and freethinking family… licence to embattle his house here. His conclusions supported gradual building of volcanoes, so-called "backed up-building",[6] as opposed to the upheaval argument supported by other geologists. "[31], In the first edition of Principles, the first volume briefly set out Lyell's concept of a steady state with no real progression of fossils. [7] He was, along with the earlier John Playfair, the major advocate of James Hutton's idea of uniformitarianism, that the earth was shaped entirely by slow-moving forces still in operation today, acting over a very long period of time. However, as discussed below, many of his letters show he was fairly open to the idea of evolution. They even spent their honeymoon in Switzerland and Italy on a geological tour of the area. While in South America Darwin received Volume 2 which considered the ideas of Lamarck in some detail. The surname Lyell was first found in Oxfordshire at Shirburn, a parish, in the union of Thame, hundred of Pirton. Sedgwick wrote worried letters to him about this. Change ). An accomplished botanist, it was he who first exposed his son to the study of nature. 3, ch. The student was taught to despond from the first. Because this theory could account for the presence of diluvium, the word drift became the preferred term for the loose, unsorted material, today called till. Lyell's work on volcanoes focused largely on Vesuvius and Etna, both of which he had earlier studied. Mary Horner was Charles Lyell’s wife. [43], Quite strong remarks: no doubt Darwin resented Lyell's repeated suggestion that he owed a lot to Lamarck, whom he (Darwin) had always specifically rejected. Lyell noted the "economic advantages" that geological surveys could provide, citing their felicity in mineral-rich countries and provinces. Lyells gleichnamiger Vater, der Botaniker Charles Lyell, sorgte dafür, dass sein Sohn sich frühzeitig mit Naturwissenschaften auseinandersetzte. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. One of the contributions that Lyell made in Principles was to explain the cause of earthquakes. In 1821 he attended Robert Jameson's lectures in Edinburgh, and visited Gideon Mantell at Lewes, in Sussex. [1] The combination of evidence and eloquence in Principles convinced a wide range of readers of the significance of "deep time" for understanding the Earth and environment. In 1839, Lyell termed the Pleistocene epoch, distinguishing a more recent fossil layer from the Pliocene. ( Log Out / "[23] The two terms, uniformitarianism and catastrophism, were both coined by William Whewell;[24] in 1866 R. Grove suggested the simpler term continuity for Lyell's view, but the old terms persisted. He graduated with a BA Hons. Neurotree: academic genealogy for researcher Adding trainee for Charles Lyell Type a name and select match from the drop-down list. As an author, friend and correspondent, Charles Lyell played a crucial role in shaping Darwin's scientific life. Charles spent much of his childhood at the family’s other home, Bartley Lodge in the New Forest, England, where his interest in the natural world was sparked. He played a critical role in advancing the study of loess.[21]. Around 1826, when he was on circuit, he read Lamarck's Zoological Philosophy and on 2 March 1827 wrote to Mantell, expressing admiration, but cautioning that he read it "rather as I hear an advocate on the wrong side, to know what can be made of the case in good hands". […] Researching this led me to finding all about the Sowerby family as well as some of Lyell’s other friends and family. Furthermore, Lyell believed that the accumulation of fine angular particles covering much of the world (today called loess) was a deposit settled from mountain flood water. He moved to his family’s estate in Kirriemuir, Angus before the war where he was a county councillor. He married Sophie Mary Trafford on 4 July 1938. During his medical career he attended to more than 50 patients a day, and delivered over 200 babies a year. About Sir Charles Lyell Sir Charles Lyell (1797-1875) was one of the greatest public figures in science in an age of remarkable thinkers whose geological breakthroughs paved the way for the work of a whole new generation of scientists and philosophers, including Charles Darwin’s and his theories of human evolution. He died, possibly from an overdose, in November 1852. Lyell entered Exeter College, Oxford, in 1816, and attended William Buckland's geological lectures. He completed a circuit through rural England, where he could observe geological phenomena. She, like him, was a conchologist and geologist, and she made major contributions to her husband’s work. In his own observations on rock and faunal successions, Lyell… Enjoy! Lyell's father, also named Charles Lyell, was noted as a translator and scholar of Dante. Building on the innovative work of James Hutton and his follower John Playfair, Lyell favoured an indefinitely long age for the Earth, despite evidence suggesting an old but finite age. During the 1840s, Lyell travelled to the United States and Canada, and wrote two popular travel-and-geology books: Travels in North America (1845) and A Second Visit to the United States (1849). They had 3 sons: Henry Lyell and 2 other children . LYELL, SIR CHARLES (1797-1875), British geologist, was the eldest son of Charles Lyell of Kinnordy, Forfarshire, and was born on the 14th of November 1797, on the family estate in Scotland. He was a founder of geographical botany (phytogeography), which looks at the geographic distribution of plant species and their influence on the earth’s surface. Darwin's daughter Henrietta (Etty) wrote to her father: "Is it fair that Lyell always calls your theory a modification of Lamarck's?" [6][7] After graduation he took up law as a profession, entering Lincoln's Inn in 1820. Throughout his life, Lyell kept a remarkable series of nearly three hundred manuscript notebooks and diaries. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Lyell was also a friend of Darwin's closest colleagues, Hooker and Huxley, but unlike them he struggled to square his religious beliefs with evolution. Principles of Geology, Lyell's first book, was also his most famous, most influential, and most important. Accessed from here on 20 December 2016. The central argument in Principles was that the present is the key to the past – a concept of the Scottish Enlightenment which David Hume had stated as "all inferences from experience suppose ... that the future will resemble the past", and James Hutton had described when he wrote in 1788 that "from what has actually been, we have data for concluding with regard to that which is to happen thereafter. In Principles of Geology (first edition, vol. In recent years Lyell's subdivisions have been widely discussed in relation to debates about the Anthropocene. Kinnordy House was owned by the Ogilvy family in the 1700s, but was put up for sale in 1780 and sold in 1782 to Charles Lyell, an entrepreneur who made a fortune supplying the Royal Navy at Montrose. In addition to her spoken languages of French and German she learnt Spanish and Swedish to assist with communications. Lyell and Hooker were instrumental in arranging the peaceful co-publication of the theory of natural selection by Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in 1858: each had arrived at the theory independently. As Darwin wrote in On the Origin of Species, "He who can read Sir Charles Lyell's grand work on the Principles of Geology, which the future historian will recognise as having produced a revolution in natural science, yet does not admit how incomprehensibly vast have been the past periods of time, may at once close this volume. Charles Lyell - Bio, Facts, Family Famous Birthday Charles Lyell's Principles of Geology is still known today as one of the most influential books concerning the science of Geology . Enter your email address in the box below and click the button to receive our latest posts. He continued to be a close personal friend, and Lyell was one of the first scientists to support On the Origin of Species, though he did not subscribe to all its contents. An accomplished botanist, it was he who first exposed his son to the study of nature. The Life of Charles Lyell When Charles Lyell Campbell was born on 25 February 1914, in Groom, Carson, Texas, United States, his father, Charles Leslie Campbell, was 27 and his mother, Bertha Myrtle Gravitt, was 24. So, in endorsing surveys, as well as advancing the study of geology, Lyell helped to forward the business of modern extractive industries, such as the coal and oil industry. :[29], He struggled with the implications for human dignity, and later in 1827 wrote private notes on Lamarck's ideas. Lyell and Darwin first met on 29th October 1836. Gideon Mantell. "[5] Lyell helped to arrange the simultaneous publication in 1858 of papers by Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace on natural selection, despite his personal religious qualms about the theory. [Plate 6] C HARLES LYELL was born on I4 November, I797, at Kinnordy, the family estate in … The second volume dismissed Lamarck's claims of animal forms arising from habits, continuous spontaneous generation of new life, and man having evolved from lower forms. [28] Today some of Lyell's mechanisms for geological processes have been disproven, though many have stood the test of time. Joseph Dalton Hooker. They were partners in science, with Mary accompanying Charles on field trips. I2I CHARLES LYELL, F.R.S. [2], Lyell's scientific contributions included a pioneering explanation of climate change, in which shifting boundaries between oceans and continents could be used to explain long-term variations in temperature and rainfall. [6] The systematic, factual description of geological formations of different ages contained in Principles grew so unwieldy, however, that Lyell split it off as the Elements in 1838. Charles Lyell was born on November 14, 1797, in the Grampian Mountains near Forfarshire, Scotland. Lyell's father, also named Charles Lyell, was noted as a translator and scholar of Dante. He came from a prosperous family, worked briefly as a lawyer in the 1820s, and held the post of Professor of Geology at King's College London in the 1830s. He incorrectly conjectured that icebergs may be the impetus behind the transport of glacial erratics, and that silty loess deposits might have settled out of flood waters. Childhood & Early Life He was born on November 17, 1797 to Charles Lyell, the son of a wealthy gentleman who inherited a large estate in Scotland. [20], For other people named Charles Lyell, see, Presidents of the Geological Society of London, Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man, "The Present is the Key to the Past is the Key to the Future", "Lyell and evolution: an account of Lyell's response to the prospect of an evolutionary ancestry for man", Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Lyell&oldid=1011377318, Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class), Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Lyell Fork, one of two large forks of the, This page was last edited on 10 March 2021, at 15:38. Charles Lyell war das älteste von zehn Kindern. In November 1827, after William Broderip found a Middle Jurassic fossil of the early mammal Didelphis, Lyell told his father that "There was everything but man even as far back as the Oolite. Lyell had private means, and earned further income as an author. in the margin of his copy. 65 of those In the letters Darwin offers information about his life and what he is up to, makes suggestions of books that Mrs Lyell should read (some of which have nothing to do with geology), as well as discussing work on geology. Accessed from here on 20 December 2016. Charles Lyell was born on the 14 of November The book was widely regarded as a disappointment because of Lyell's equivocal treatment of evolution. The work's subtitle was "An attempt to explain the former changes of the Earth's surface by reference to causes now in operation", and this explains Lyell's impact on science. He was the eldest of ten children. Oxford University Museum of Natural History Blog, Posted on 21 December 201611 September 2018. Learn how your comment data is processed. Charles Lyell was born in 1767, to Charles Lyell and Mary Lyell (born Beale). Lyell asked Robert FitzRoy, captain of HMS Beagle, to search for erratic boulders on the survey voyage of the Beagle, and just before it set out FitzRoy gave Darwin Volume 1 of the first edition of Lyell's Principles. The philosopher William Whewell termed this gradualistic view "uniformitarianism" and contrasted it with catastrophism, which had been championed by Georges Cuvier and was better accepted in Europe. Lyell, a highly religious man with a strong belief in the special status of human reason, had great difficulty reconciling his beliefs with natural selection. On the return of the Beagle (October 1836) Lyell invited Darwin to dinner and from then on they were close friends. In 1832, Lyell married Mary Horner in Bonn, daughter of Leonard Horner (1785–1864), also associated with the Geological Society of London. Sir Charles Lyell was the most famous lawyer and geologist of his time. So I thought it would be wonderful to find out about the family and friends of Charles Lyell. 莱尔出生于苏格兰，是家里十个小孩中的老大。莱尔的父亲也叫做查尔斯，是个略有一点名气的植物学家，他也是第一个让小查尔斯接触到自然博物学的人。莱尔在牛津大学的埃克塞特学院的学业… It is impossible to read their letters and not know they are friends. "[29] Lyell inaccurately portrayed Lamarckism as a response to the fossil record, and said it was falsified by a lack of progress. He is best known, however, for his role in elaborating the doctrine of uniformitarianism. In 1866, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Whewell subsequently questioned this topic, and in March 1837 Lyell told him:[19], As a result of his letters and, no doubt, personal conversations, Huxley and Haeckel were convinced that, at the time he wrote Principles, he believed new species had arisen by natural methods. Gideon Mantell is renowned for his work on Iguanodon, reconstructing its structure and life habits. Facts about Charles Lyell 7: the date and place of birth Lyell was born in Scotland on 14 November 1797. When Charles was only two years old, his parents relocated to Southampton, England near where his mother's family lived. After he died it was suggested that he be buried in Westminster Abbey near Darwin, however his widow declined and instead followed her husband’s wishes to be buried next to his father. After the Great Chicago Fire in 1871, Lyell was one of the first to donate books to help found the Chicago Public Library. He came from a prosperous family, worked briefly as a lawyer in the 1820s, and held the post of Professor of Geology at King's College London in the 1830s. British geologist, the eldest son of Charles Lyell of Kinnordy, Forfarshire, and born on the 14th of November 1797, on the family estate in Scotland. He was awarded the Copley Medal of the Royal Society in 1858 and the Wollaston Medal of the Geological Society in 1866. "[18] Geological remains from the distant past can, and should, be explained by reference to geological processes now in operation and thus directly observable. From May 1828, until February 1829, he travelled with Roderick Impey Murchison (1792–1871) to the south of France (Auvergne volcanic district) and to Italy. He lived in Wekiwa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States in 1920. [19] In geology Darwin was very much Lyell's disciple, and brought back observations and his own original theorising, including ideas about the formation of atolls, which supported Lyell's uniformitarianism. Mary had a vast interest and a great understanding of geology, and was present in her husband’s conversations with Charles Darwin. In letters digitised by the University of Cambridge there are multiple correspondences between Darwin and Lyell. His studies focussed on mosses with several species of these plants being named after him. Although Darwin discussed evolutionary ideas with him from 1842, Lyell continued to reject evolution in each of the first nine editions of the Principles. Charles Lyell Birthdate: estimated between 1735 and 1795 Death: Immediate Family: Father of Sir Charles Lyell, 1st bart., FRS and Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Lyell … [10], Lyell was knighted (Kt) in 1848,[11] and later, in 1864, made a baronet (Bt),[12] which is an hereditary honour. He is best known as the author of Principles of Geology (1830–33), which presented to a wide public audience the idea that Earth was shaped by the same natural processes still in operation today, operating at similar intensities. Mary Horner was Charles Lyell’s wife. Charles Darwin. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Darwin requests that Lyell send him news about himself and his wife, as well as asking Lyell for his wife’s opinions to discover what she would find least troublesome. Modern surveys, like the British Geological Survey (founded in 1835), and the US Geological Survey (founded in 1879), map and exhibit the natural resources within the country. Charles Lyell, another Scottish geologist, was a principal proponent of Hutton’s approach, emphasizing gradual change by means of known geologic processes. Charles Darwin, arguably one of the most well-known names in science, was a friend of Charles Lyell. [32], The leading man of science Sir John Herschel wrote from Cape Town on 20 February 1836, thanking Lyell for sending a copy of Principles and praising the book as opening a way for bold speculation on "that mystery of mysteries, the replacement of extinct species by others" – by analogy with other intermediate causes, "the origination of fresh species, could it ever come under our cognizance, would be found to be a natural in contradistinction to a miraculous process". Lyell's father, also named Charles Lyell, was noted as a translator and scholar of Dante. [33] Lyell replied: "In regard to the origination of new species, I am very glad to find that you think it probable that it may be carried on through the intervention of intermediate causes. He discussed the geographical distribution of plants and animals, and proposed that every species of plant or animal was descended from a pair or individual, originated in response to differing external conditions. ( Log Out / He was the eldest of ten children. [44][45], In other respects Antiquity was a success. The sole exception was the advent of humanity, with no great physical distinction from animals, but with absolutely unique intellectual and moral qualities. He is buried in Westminster Abbey. SIR CHARLES LYELL (14 TH NOVEMBER 1797- 22 ND FEBRUARY 1875) The birth of Charles Lyell at his family’s estate at Kinnordy, just north of Kirriemuir allows Tayside to claim one of the most important geologists who ever Lyell was a key figure in establishing the classification of more recent geological deposits, long known as the Tertiary period. The family seat is located in Strathmore, near the Highland Boundary Fault. The eldest of 10 children, he attended several private schools throughout his early life. From 1830 onward his books provided both income and fame. There were 10 kids in the family and he was the eldest one. Lyell was born into a wealthy family, on 14 November 1797, at the family's estate house, Kinnordy House, near Kirriemuir in Forfarshire. During his early childhood, the family moved to Lyndhurst, Hampshire, where he received his early education. He later published evidence from geology of the time man had existed on Earth.
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