According to the critic Frank Kermode, "the play...offers neither its good characters nor its audience any relief from its cruelty". [154], It is not clear for which companies Shakespeare wrote his early plays. (1.7.35–38); "... pity, like a naked new-born babe/ Striding the blast, or heaven's cherubim, hors'd/ Upon the sightless couriers of the air ..." (1.7.21–25). Scholars are not certain when each of the 154 sonnets was composed, but evidence suggests that Shakespeare wrote sonnets throughout his career for a private readership. His date of birth is unknown, but is traditionally observed on 23 April, Saint George's Day. In keeping with traditions of the time it’s likely he would have been buried two days after his death, meaning Shakespeare likely died 23rd April 1616 – his 52nd birthday. Shakespeare produced most of his known works between 1589 and 1613. [47][48][49] After 1594, Shakespeare's plays were performed only by the Lord Chamberlain's Men, a company owned by a group of players, including Shakespeare, that soon became the leading playing company in London. The literary critic A. C. Bradley described this style as "more concentrated, rapid, varied, and, in construction, less regular, not seldom twisted or elliptical". The consistory court of the Diocese of Worcester issued a marriage licence on 27 November 1582. 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's greatest dramatist. William Shakespeare ist der wohl bekannteste Dramatiker der Welt. [109][107] His first histories, which draw heavily on the 1587 edition of Raphael Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland,[110] dramatise the destructive results of weak or corrupt rule and have been interpreted as a justification for the origins of the Tudor dynasty. In 1599, two early drafts of sonnets 138 and 144 appeared in The Passionate Pilgrim, published under Shakespeare's name but without his permission. Jahrhundert 16. These include three operas by Giuseppe Verdi, Macbeth, Otello and Falstaff, whose critical standing compares with that of the source plays. William Shakespeare starb vor 400 Jahren – bis heute ist die Todesursache ungeklärt. [31], After the birth of the twins, Shakespeare left few historical traces until he is mentioned as part of the London theatre scene in 1592. In the late 19th century, Edward Dowden classified four of the late comedies as romances, and though many scholars prefer to call them tragicomedies, Dowden's term is often used. [71] However, it is perhaps relevant that the bubonic plague raged in London throughout 1609. His gravestone, below the monument, does not bear his name, but was believed to be Shakespeare's from at least 1656, and is the first in a … Hätte aus ihm ein guter Maler werden können, wenn seine Eltern ihn nicht William Shakespeare genannt hätten? [250][251] No Shakespearean poems were included in the First Folio. [188] Few analysts believe that the published collection follows Shakespeare's intended sequence. [64][65] He moved across the river to Southwark by 1599, the same year his company constructed the Globe Theatre there. The American novelist Herman Melville's soliloquies owe much to Shakespeare; his Captain Ahab in Moby-Dick is a classic tragic hero, inspired by King Lear. Zu seiner Generation gehören etwa Francis Bacon (1561–1626) und Jakob I./VI. It remains unclear if these figures represent real individuals, or if the authorial "I" who addresses them represents Shakespeare himself, though Wordsworth believed that with the sonnets "Shakespeare unlocked his heart". [203] In Macbeth, for example, the language darts from one unrelated metaphor or simile to another: "was the hope drunk/ Wherein you dressed yourself?" Mary Shakespeare (geborene Arden; * um 1540 in Stratford-upon-Avon; begraben 9. [192], Shakespeare's first plays were written in the conventional style of the day. [58] The absence of his name from the 1605 cast list for Jonson's Volpone is taken by some scholars as a sign that his acting career was nearing its end. [14] He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, where he was baptised on 26 April 1564. The titular hero of one of Shakespeare's greatest tragedies, Hamlet, has probably been discussed more than any other Shakespearean character, especially for his famous soliloquy which begins "To be or not to be; that is the question". [254] "Dramas as singular in theme and temper cannot be strictly called comedies or tragedies", he wrote. [7] They also continue to be studied and reinterpreted. [232] Thomas Rymer, for example, condemned Shakespeare for mixing the comic with the tragic. [67][68], Rowe was the first biographer to record the tradition, repeated by Johnson, that Shakespeare retired to Stratford "some years before his death". WDR Stichtag: William Shakespeare – Theatergigant mit Identitätsproblemen, Wikipedia: William Shakespeare in der freien Enzyklopädie, Infos zu Bildmaterial und Lizenzen auf geboren.am ›, Holy Trinity Church, Stratford-upon-Avon, England. [169] On 29 June, however, a cannon set fire to the thatch of the Globe and burned the theatre to the ground, an event which pinpoints the date of a Shakespeare play with rare precision. [75] Shakespeare continued to visit London during the years 1611–1614. The title page of the 1594 edition of Titus Andronicus reveals that the play had been acted by three different troupes. ), Some time before 1623, a funerary monument was erected in his memory on the north wall, with a half-effigy of him in the act of writing. William Shakespeare sa narodil ako tretie z ôsmich detí a najstarší preživší syn. Anne Hathaway (* 1556; † 6. [158][160][161], After the Lord Chamberlain's Men were renamed the King's Men in 1603, they entered a special relationship with the new King James. Many of Shakespeare's plays were published in editions of varying quality and accuracy in his lifetime. [50] After the death of Queen Elizabeth in 1603, the company was awarded a royal patent by the new King James I, and changed its name to the King's Men. 1, The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet, Mônica e Cebolinha: No Mundo de Romeu e Julieta, In Fair Palestine: A Story of Romeo and Juliet, A rose by any other name would smell as sweet, The History of Timon of Athens the Man-hater, Sly, ovvero La leggenda del dormiente risvegliato, A True Reportory of the Wracke and Redemption of Sir Thomas Gates, Knight, The Masque of the Inner Temple and Gray's Inn, Cultural depictions of John, King of England, with the life and death of Henry surnamed Hotspur. From the 18th century, the desire for authentic Shakespeare portraits fuelled claims that various surviving pictures depicted Shakespeare. [79] After 1610, Shakespeare wrote fewer plays, and none are attributed to him after 1613. [122] Shakespeare's next comedy, the equally romantic Merchant of Venice, contains a portrayal of the vengeful Jewish moneylender Shylock, which reflects Elizabethan views but may appear derogatory to modern audiences. (1566–1625). However, the document is now lost and scholars differ as to its authenticity. Retirement from all work was uncommon at that time. Wann ist William Shakespeare gestorben? Most of Shakespeare's greatest post-1599 plays were written for the Globe, including Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear. [217], In Shakespeare's day, English grammar, spelling, and pronunciation were less standardised than they are now,[218] and his use of language helped shape modern English. Das halten die Viktorianer für ganz große Kunst. He was baptised on 26 April 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon in Warwickshire, England, in the Holy Trinity Church.At the age of 18 he married Anne Hathaway with whom he had three children. As a result, critics of the time mostly rated Shakespeare below John Fletcher and Ben Jonson. Susanna, the first of their three children, was born six months later on 26 May 1583. August 1623 STERBEORT Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire William Shakespeare entstammte einer in Warwickshire, im westlichen Mittelengland, ansässigen Familie und wurde 1564, vermutlich am 23. [243], The modernist revolution in the arts during the early 20th century, far from discarding Shakespeare, eagerly enlisted his work in the service of the avant-garde. [221][222], Shakespeare's influence extends far beyond his native England and the English language. [157] When the company found themselves in dispute with their landlord, they pulled The Theatre down and used the timbers to construct the Globe Theatre, the first playhouse built by actors for actors, on the south bank of the Thames at Southwark. [42] By then, he was sufficiently known in London to be attacked in print by the playwright Robert Greene in his Groats-Worth of Wit: ... there is an upstart Crow, beautified with our feathers, that with his Tiger's heart wrapped in a Player's hide, supposes he is as well able to bombast out a blank verse as the best of you: and being an absolute Johannes factotum, is in his own conceit the only Shake-scene in a country. The Romantic poets attempted to revive Shakespearean verse drama, though with little success. [147][148][149], In his final period, Shakespeare turned to romance or tragicomedy and completed three more major plays: Cymbeline, The Winter's Tale, and The Tempest, as well as the collaboration, Pericles, Prince of Tyre. "[163][164], The actors in Shakespeare's company included the famous Richard Burbage, William Kempe, Henry Condell and John Heminges. Nevertheless, poet and critic John Dryden rated Shakespeare highly, saying of Jonson, "I admire him, but I love Shakespeare". The opening soliloquy of Richard III has its roots in the self-declaration of Vice in medieval drama. Jahrhundert geführte Debatte, ob die William Shakespeare aus Stratford-upon-Avon zugeschriebenen Werke in Wirklichkeit von einem anderen Autor oder von mehreren Autoren geschrieben wurden. 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616)[a] was an English playwright, poet, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's greatest dramatist. [223][224] Actor and theatre director Simon Callow writes, "this master, this titan, this genius, so profoundly British and so effortlessly universal, each different culture – German, Italian, Russian – was obliged to respond to the Shakespearean example; for the most part, they embraced it, and him, with joyous abandon, as the possibilities of language and character in action that he celebrated liberated writers across the continent. [205] Like all playwrights of the time, he dramatised stories from sources such as Plutarch and Holinshed. William Shakespeare Burton ist heute vor 97 Jahren gestorben, er ist durch ein einziges Bild bekannt geworden. Its plaque compares him to Nestor, Socrates, and Virgil. He encloses us because we see with his fundamental perceptions."[248]. [252][253] In 1896, Frederick S. Boas coined the term "problem plays" to describe four plays: All's Well That Ends Well, Measure for Measure, Troilus and Cressida, and Hamlet. If playback doesn't begin … Shakespeare's will uses a Protestant formula, and he was a confirmed member of the Church of England, where he was married, his children were baptised, and where he is buried. He dedicated them to Henry Wriothesley, Earl of Southampton. [151][152][153] Shakespeare collaborated on two further surviving plays, Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen, probably with John Fletcher. Biographers suggest that his career may have begun any time from the mid-1580s to just before Greene's remarks. William Shakespeare (Stratford na Avonu, Engleska, 26. travnja 1564. The exception is the appearance of his name in the "complaints bill" of a law case before the Queen's Bench court at Westminster dated Michaelmas Term 1588 and 9 October 1589. August 1623 in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire) war eine englische Frau und die Gattin William Shakespeares.Shakespeare heiratete mit 18 Jahren die acht Jahre ältere Anne Hathaway. William Shakespeare maga is hol Shakspere-nek, hol Shakspeare-nek, hol pedig Shakespeare-nek írta a nevét, de jogi iratokon a Shaxper, Shakp és Shaks rövidítéseket is használta. These writings were brought together in what is known as the First Folio ('Folio' refers to the size of the paper used). 3. [36] John Aubrey reported that Shakespeare had been a country schoolmaster. Shakespeare pravdepodobne navštevoval Gymnázium Eduarda VI. [256][257][258], Around 230 years after Shakespeare's death, doubts began to be expressed about the authorship of the works attributed to him. [142][143][144] In Macbeth, the shortest and most compressed of Shakespeare's tragedies,[145] uncontrollable ambition incites Macbeth and his wife, Lady Macbeth, to murder the rightful king and usurp the throne until their own guilt destroys them in turn. [127][128][129] This period begins and ends with two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet, the famous romantic tragedy of sexually charged adolescence, love, and death;[130][131] and Julius Caesar—based on Sir Thomas North's 1579 translation of Plutarch's Parallel Lives—which introduced a new kind of drama. William Shakespeare ist am 23. [112][113][114] The Comedy of Errors was also based on classical models, but no source for The Taming of the Shrew has been found, though it is related to a separate play of the same name and may have derived from a folk story. He studied Latin works at Stratford Grammar School, leaving at about age 15. Among those who championed him were the writers Voltaire, Goethe, Stendhal, and Victor Hugo. [260] Several "group theories" have also been proposed. April 1564 daselbst getauft. The Swiss Romantic artist Henry Fuseli, a friend of William Blake, even translated Macbeth into German. It contained 36 texts, including 18 printed for the first time. englische Gattin William Shakespeares GEBURTSDATUM 1556 STERBEDATUM 6. William Shakespeare, einer der berühmtesten Dramatiker und Lyriker aller Zeiten, wurde wohl im April 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon geboren und dam 26. [69] In 1612, he was called as a witness in Bellott v Mountjoy, a court case concerning the marriage settlement of Mountjoy's daughter, Mary.
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