12, p. 121; trans. You will always find it more powerful and barbarous on the lowest levels of civilization. Epigrams such as "Against criticism a man can neither protest nor defend himself; he must act in spite of it, and then it will gradually yield to him", "Divide and rule, a sound motto; unite and lead, a better one", and "Enjoy when you can, and endure when you must", are still in usage or are often paraphrased. Perhaps the single most influential piece is "Mignon's Song" which opens with one of the most famous lines in German poetry, an allusion to Italy: "Kennst du das Land, wo die Zitronen blühn?" Johann Wolfgang von Goethe falleció el día 22 de marzo del año 1832 debido a un infarto agudo al miocardio en Alemania. During the year and a half that followed, because of several relapses, the relationship with his father worsened. [101] She praised Goethe as possessing "the chief characteristics of the German genius" and uniting "all that distinguishes the German mind. ', 'If you treat an individual as he is, he will remain how he is. His work, Faust, which is sometimes considered as Germany’s greatest contribution to world literature. [109], Goethe's scientific and aesthetic ideas have much in common with Denis Diderot, whose work he translated and studied. In Leipzig, Goethe fell in love with Anna Katharina Schönkopf and wrote cheerful verses about her in the Rococo genre. Com'st ever, thus, with ill intention? Updated March 31, 2020 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (August 28, 1749 – March 22, 1832) was a German novelist, playwright, poet, and statesman who has been described as Germany’s William Shakespeare. On a trip to the village Sessenheim, Goethe fell in love with Friederike Brion, in October 1770,[15][16] but, after ten months, terminated the relationship in August 1771. [49], In 1810, Goethe published his Theory of Colours, which he considered his most important work. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German poet, playwright, novelist, scientist, statesman, theatre director, critic, and amateur artist. "[101] Staël's portrayal helped elevate Goethe over his more famous German contemporaries and transformed him into a European cultural hero. ("Do you know the land where the lemon trees bloom?"). Goethe became severely ill in Frankfurt. Born on 28 August 1749 in Frankfurt, Germany, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was a writer and German literary figure. [100], Germaine de Staël, in De l'Allemagne (1813), presented German Classicism and Romanticism as a potential source of spiritual authority for Europe, and identified Goethe as a living classic. [79] A year before his death, in a letter to Sulpiz Boisserée, Goethe wrote that he had the feeling that all his life he had been aspiring to qualify as one of the Hypsistarians, an ancient sect of the Black Sea region who, in his understanding, sought to reverence, as being close to the Godhead, what came to their knowledge of the best and most perfect. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1853). These include Hippocrates' "Art is long, life is short", which is echoed in Goethe's Faust and Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship. Wolfgang von Goethe, poeta y novelista de finales del siglo XVIII, que supo unir a su profunda sensibilidad un erudito conocimiento de las bellas artes, la naturaleza y la política.Mientras que con su obra refleja una lírica aspiración de retorno a la Antigüedad clásica, en su talante mostró una verdadera capacidad para actuar de modo sereno ante los acontecimientos históricos. But there exists a level at which it wholly disappears, and where one stands, so to speak, above the nations, and feels the weal or woe of a neighboring people as though it were one's own. Gosnell, Charles F., and Géza Schütz. 1932. Like Heinrich Heine, Nietzsche mentions in his writings frequently Goethe and Spinoza as a pair. The author W. Daniel Wilson [de] claims that Goethe engaged in negotiating the forced sale of vagabonds, criminals, and political dissidents as part of these activities.[25]. 14 talking about this. 116-125 Ye'l representante más conocíu del periodu clásicu alemán ("Weimarer Klassik") y según la crítica ún de los meyores escritores en llingua alemana. [6] Nietzsche wrote, "Four pairs it was that did not deny themselves to my sacrifice: Epicurus and Montaigne, Goethe and Spinoza, Plato and Rousseau, Pascal and Schopenhauer. [33] He is buried in the Ducal Vault at Weimar's Historical Cemetery. Goethe thus went to live in Weimar, where he remained for the rest of his life and where, over the course of many years, he held a succession of offices, including superintendent of the ducal library, [21] as the Duke's friend and chief adviser. [73][74]—that was the first remarkable Spinoza revival in history. Frederick drew aside the sheet, and I was astonished at the divine magnificence of the limbs. "[104], It was to a considerable degree due to Goethe's reputation that the city of Weimar was chosen in 1919 as the venue for the national assembly, convened to draft a new constitution for what would become known as Germany's Weimar Republic. I laid my hand on his heart – there was a deep silence – and I turned away to give free vent to my suppressed tears. By the time of his death, in order to gain a comprehensive view in geology, he had collected 17,800 rock samples. geboren 1749 in Frankfuhrt Universalgenie bedeutenster Dichter Weimar gelebt Sparsam, selbstverliebt durch Frauen inspiriert starb 1832 in Weimar Wer war Goethe eigentlich? During the years at Weimar before he met Schiller he began Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship, wrote the dramas Iphigenie auf Tauris (Iphigenia in Tauris), Egmont, Torquato Tasso, and the fable Reineke Fuchs. Goethe obtained a copy of the biography of a noble highwayman from the German Peasants' War. p. 343, Scientific Studies, Suhrkamp ed., vol. Find'st nothing right on earth, eternally? Johann Wolfgang von Goethe ( 28. august 1749 Frankfurt – 22. märts 1832 Weimar) oli saksa kirjanik, loodusteadlane ja polühistor. While in Southern Italy and Sicily, Goethe encountered, for the first time genuine Greek (as opposed to Roman) architecture, and was quite startled by its relative simplicity. [26], Days afterward, on 19 October 1806, Goethe legitimized their 18-year relationship by marrying Christiane in a quiet marriage service at the Jakobskirche in Weimar [de]. [22][23], In 1776, Goethe formed a close relationship to Charlotte von Stein, an older, married woman. - Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe - (Alemania, 1749-1832) Poeta, novelista, dramaturgo y científico alemán.La poesía de Goethe expresa una nueva concepción de las relaciones de la humanidad con la naturaleza, la historia y la sociedad; sus dramas y sus novelas reflejan un profundo conocimiento de la individualidad humana. In Alsace, Goethe blossomed. How could I, to whom the only significant things are civilization [Kultur] and barbarism, hate a nation which is among the most cultivated in the world, and to which I owe a great part of my own culture? At this time, Goethe was acquainted with the court of Darmstadt, where his inventiveness was praised. Catalogue of the Library of the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross, Los años de aprendizaje de Wilhelm Meister, Caballero de primera clase de la Orden de Santa Ana, Academia Alemana de les Ciencies Naturales Leopoldina, Sociedad silesiana para la cultura patriótica, http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37104235, https://www.kunstverein-sachsen.de/chronik/1828-1946.html, https://ast.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe&oldid=3057828, 1000 artículos que toa Wikipedia habría de tener, Wikipedia:Páxines con etiquetes de Wikidata ensin traducir, Wikipedia:Páxines con enllaz commonscat dende Wikidata, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores VIAF, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores ISNI, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores BNA, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores BNE, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores BNF, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores BNC, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores CANTIC, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores GND, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores LCCN, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores NLA, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores SNAC, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores ULAN, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores BIBSYS, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores UB, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores IPNI, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores SBN, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores Leopoldina, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores Open Library, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores RKDartists, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores BVMC persona, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores Dialnet, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores Proyeutu Gutenberg autor, Llicencia Creative Commons Reconocimientu/CompartirIgual 3.0. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Short Biography. [3], A literary celebrity by the age of 25, Goethe was ennobled by the Duke of Saxe-Weimar, Karl August, in 1782 after taking up residence in Weimar in November 1775 following the success of his first novel, The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774). On 14 October 1772 Goethe held a gathering in his parental home in honour of the first German "Shakespeare Day". August 1749 - Frankfurt am Main geboren 22. Having achieved both literary and commercial success in his lifetime, Goethe remains one of the most influential figures in modern era literature. [65] According to Nietzsche, Goethe had "a kind of almost joyous and trusting fatalism" that has "faith that only in the totality everything redeems itself and appears good and justified. Their last meeting in Carlsbad on 5 September 1823 inspired him to the famous Marienbad Elegy which he considered one of his finest works. If I tire of her as a girl, she'll play the boy for me as well". In Strasbourg, Goethe met Johann Gottfried Herder. His later spiritual perspective incorporated elements of pantheism (heavily influenced by Spinoza's thought),[67][69][78] humanism, and various elements of Western esotericism, as seen most vividly in part 2 of Faust. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe is considered […] La última edición d'esta páxina foi el 14 och 2020, a les 13:29. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 d'agostu de 1749, Frankfurt del Main - 22 de marzu de 1832, Weimar) yera un escritor y poeta alemán (amás de científicu, teóricu del arte y políticu). [3] His works include: four novels; epic and lyric poetry; prose and verse dramas; memoirs; an autobiography; literary and aesthetic criticism; and treatises on botany, anatomy, and colour. The work subsequently inspired operas and oratorios by Schumann, Berlioz, Gounod, Boito, Busoni and Schnittke, as well as symphonic works by Liszt, Wagner and Mahler. [81] August Wilhelm Schlegel considered Goethe "a heathen who converted to Islam. In the 1790s, he undertook Galvanic experiments and studied anatomical issues together with Alexander von Humboldt. This collaborative friendship lasted until Schiller's death in 1805. [86] Goethe sympathized with the American Revolution and later wrote a poem in which he declared "America, you're better off than our continent, the old. Goethe was petrified, Christiane raised a lot of noise and even tangled with them, other people who had taken refuge in Goethe's house rushed in, and so the marauders eventually withdrew again. In the last period, between Schiller's death, in 1805, and his own, appeared Faust Part One, Elective Affinities, the West-Eastern Diwan (a collection of poems in the Persian style, influenced by the work of Hafez), his autobiographical Aus meinem Leben: Dichtung und Wahrheit (From My Life: Poetry and Truth) which covers his early life and ends with his departure for Weimar, his Italian Journey, and a series of treatises on art. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe[a] (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832)[3] was a German poet, playwright, novelist, scientist, statesman, theatre director, critic, and amateur artist. This prematurely terminated his career as a lawyer after only a few months. In 1823, having recovered from a near fatal heart illness, the 74-year-old Goethe fell in love with the teenaged Ulrike von Levetzow whom he wanted to marry, but because of the opposition of her mother he never proposed. Viewed from within, no part of the animal is a useless or arbitrary product of the formative impulse (as so often thought). [107] However, he was critical of Bacon's inductive method and approach based on pure classification. He continued, "Pederasty is as old as humanity itself, and one can therefore say, that it resides in nature, even if it proceeds against nature....What culture has won from nature will not be surrendered or given up at any price. Stretched upon his back, he reposed as if asleep; profound peace and security reigned in the features of his sublimely noble countenance. 3 talking about this. “Goethe the Librarian.”. Goethe outlines his method in the essay The experiment as mediator between subject and object (1772). He produced volumes of poetry, essays, criticism, a theory of colours and early work on evolution and linguistics. - Gregory Maertz on Goethe His works span the fields of poetry, drama, literature, theology, philosophy, humanism and science. 28. The phrase Goethe uses is "Mischmasch von Irrtum und Gewalt", in his "Zahme Xenien" IX. Goethe, aside from official duties, was also a friend and confidant to the Duke, and participated fully in the activities of the court. "[96] The two discussed politics, the writings of Voltaire, and Goethe's Sorrows of Young Werther, which Napoleon had read seven times and ranked among his favorites. [102], In Victorian England, Goethe exerted a profound influence on George Eliot, whose partner George Henry Lewes wrote a Life of Goethe. During convalescence, Goethe was nursed by his mother and sister. [47], Goethe's botanical theories were partly based on his gardening in Weimar. He was fascinated by mineralogy, and the mineral goethite (iron oxide) is named after him. Although Goethe's great passion was drawing, he quickly became interested in literature; Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock (1724–1803) and Homer figured among his early favorites. His last words, according to his doctor Carl Vogel, were, Mehr Licht! His conversations and various shared undertakings throughout the 1790s with Schiller, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Johann Gottfried Herder, Alexander von Humboldt,[5] Wilhelm von Humboldt, and August and Friedrich Schlegel have come to be collectively termed Weimar Classicism. The elephant's skull that led Goethe to this discovery, and was subsequently named the Goethe Elephant, still exists and is displayed in the Ottoneum in Kassel, Germany. Liszt and Mahler both created symphonies in whole or in large part inspired by this seminal work, which would give the 19th century one of its most paradigmatic figures: Doctor Faustus. During the course of his trip Goethe met and befriended the artists Angelica Kauffman and Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein, as well as encountering such notable characters as Lady Hamilton and Alessandro Cagliostro (see Affair of the Diamond Necklace). And, between ourselves, I never hated the French, although I thanked God when we were rid of them. The fact that Werther ends with the protagonist's suicide and funeral—a funeral which "no clergyman attended"—made the book deeply controversial upon its (anonymous) publication, for on the face of it, it appeared to condone and glorify suicide. [111], His views make him, along with Adam Smith, Thomas Jefferson, and Ludwig van Beethoven, a figure in two worlds: on the one hand, devoted to the sense of taste, order, and finely crafted detail, which is the hallmark of the artistic sense of the Age of Reason and the neo-classical period of architecture; on the other, seeking a personal, intuitive, and personalized form of expression and society, firmly supporting the idea of self-regulating and organic systems. After growing up in a privileged upper middle class family, he studied law in Leipzig from 1765 to 1768, although he was more interested in literature. In 1832, Goethe died in Weimar of apparent heart failure. He claims to deduce from it that the barometric level varies in the same proportion not only in each zone but that it has the same variation, too, at different altitudes above sea-level". During his first ten years in Weimar, Goethe became a member of the Duke's privy council, sat on the war and highway commissions, oversaw the reopening of silver mines in nearby Ilmenau, and implemented a series of administrative reforms at the University of Jena. "Es ist die Liebe, die die Welt im Innersten zusammenhält." "[27], After 1793, Goethe devoted his endeavours primarily to literature. Goethe's first major scientific work, the Metamorphosis of Plants, was published after he returned from a 1788 tour of Italy. Goethe Sur Kant. As his studies did not progress, Goethe was forced to return to Frankfurt at the close of August 1768. Anerkennung hat er sich mit bedeutenden Werken nicht nur in der Literatur verschafft, sondern auch in der Kunsttheorie und den Naturwissenschaften. Oehler, R 1932, "Buch und Bibliotheken unter der Perspektive Goethe" ‘Goethe’s attitude toward books and libraries’. Some well-known quotations are often incorrectly attributed to Goethe. More importantly, however, the work of Johann Joachim Winckelmann had provoked a general renewed interest in the classical art of ancient Greece and Rome. By 1820, Goethe was on amiable terms with Kaspar Maria von Sternberg. Lines from Faust, such as "Das also war des Pudels Kern", "Das ist der Weisheit letzter Schluss", or "Grau ist alle Theorie" have entered everyday German usage. 1: Briefe der Jahre 1764–1786. In 1774 he wrote the book which would bring him worldwide fame, The Sorrows of Young Werther. März 1832 März 1832 Weimar gestorben Wissenschaft Romantik Einflüsse: Homero, Shakespeare, Herder Dichter, Romanautor, The literary estate of Goethe in the Goethe and Schiller Archives was inscribed on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register in 2001 in recognition of its historical significance.[106]. Faust became the ur-myth of many figures in the 19th century. Real Name: Johann Wolfgang Goethe. Goethe's secretary Riemer reports: 'Although already undressed and wearing only his wide nightgown... he descended the stairs towards them and inquired what they wanted from him.... His dignified figure, commanding respect, and his spiritual mien seemed to impress even them.' (More light! August 1749 in Frankfurt am Main geboren Gestorben am 22. He was against this reading of poetry. said Zelter. For instance, in Faust, the first use of Faust's power after signing a contract with the devil is to seduce a teenage girl. Littérature, ISSN 0047-4800, ISSN-e 1958-5926, Nº 86, 1992 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Littérature et philosophie. Eckermann closes his famous work, Conversations with Goethe, with this passage: The morning after Goethe's death, a deep desire seized me to look once again upon his earthly garment. [76][77] He was also a pantheist, like some other prominent Spinozists such as Flaubert and Albert Einstein. Goethe, Germany's most awesome dead white male author The French "spoon guards", the least disciplined soldiers, occupied Goethe's house: The 'spoon guards' had broken in, they had drunk wine, made a great uproar and called for the master of the house. Goethe finished Faust Part Two in the year of his death, and the work was published posthumously. [85] At the time of the French Revolution, he thought the enthusiasm of the students and professors to be a perversion of their energy and remained skeptical of the ability of the masses to govern. In 1806, Goethe was living in Weimar with his mistress Christiane Vulpius, the sister of Christian A. Vulpius, and their son August von Goethe. From this milieu came Johann Georg Schlosser (who was later to become his brother-in-law) and Johann Heinrich Merck. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) is to German what Dante Alighieri is to Italian, William Shakespeare is to English, Miguel de Cervantes to Spanish or Alexander Pushkin to Russian: the most important author of his language. In 1794, Friedrich Schiller wrote to Goethe offering friendship; they had previously had only a mutually wary relationship ever since first becoming acquainted in 1788. His faithful servant, Frederick, opened for me the chamber in which he was laid out. He is considered to be the greatest German literary figure of the modern era. He said he "turned reality into poetry but his friends thought poetry should be turned into reality and the poem imitated." Every moment is of infinite value. Some of the Venetian Epigrams were held back from publication due to their sexual content. Johann Wolfgang Goethe was born on 28 August 1749 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany as son of a lawyer. This is not to say that he was emotionalistic or excessive; on the contrary, he lauded personal restraint and felt that excess was a disease: "There is nothing worse than imagination without taste". In 1782, when the chancellor of the Duchy's Exchequer left his office, Goethe agreed to act in his place for two and a half years; this post virtually made him prime minister and the principal representative of the Duchy. "Germany's greatest man of letters… and the last true polymath to walk the earth." Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 Ağustos 1749, Frankfurt – 22 Mart 1832, Weimar), Alman... Jump to Although his literary work has attracted the greatest amount of interest, Goethe was also keenly involved in studies of natural science. His written account of these events can be found within his Complete Works. Johann Wolfgang von GOETHE [ˈjoːhan ˈvɔlfɡaŋ fɔn ˈɡøːtə], esperantigite Johano Volfgango Goeto (naskiĝis la 28-an de aŭgusto 1749 en Frankfurto ĉe Majno, mortis la 22-an de marto 1832 en Vajmaro) estis germana poeto kaj dramverkisto, krome ŝtatministro, juristo, filozofo kaj natursciencisto.Li estas ofte konsiderata la plej grava germana poeto. His focus on morphology and what was later called homology influenced 19th century naturalists, although his ideas of transformation were about the continuous metamorphosis of living things and did not relate to contemporary ideas of "transformisme" or transmutation of species.